The findings could allow NASA's James Webb Space Telescope to determine the fraction of land and sea on alien worlds.
Despite their proximity to their star, these worlds can be in the habitable zone — the right distance where it can host liquid water on its surface — because red dwarfs are cool, with surface temperatures of about 6,300 degrees Fahrenheit , or 3,600 F cooler than theThese planets orbit their star in a matter of days, which makes them prone to becoming gravitationally locked with their star.
Consequently, the habitability of such a planet also depends on the planet's ability to redistribute heat from the dayside to the nightside so that conditions don't become too warm or too cold.With fellow astronomers at the University of Toronto, Macdonald modeled such a hypothetical world in two configurations: one with a circular continent at the substellar point on the dayside surrounded by ocean, and one with a circular ocean at the substellar point surrounded by land.
The models showed that the average global temperature on a tidally locked world depends more on the amount of land than on the location of the land. In the simulation, planets with a similar dayside fraction of land, whether in a central substellar continent or around a substellar ocean, saw average surface temperatures increase by up to 36 F .
Furthermore, the greater the amount of land, the hotter the dayside and the drier the planet's atmosphere. This is because the presence of more land means there is less surface water to evaporate into the atmosphere, which also results in less precipitation."So the land has a desert climate," Macdonald told Space.com.
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