Jamaican fruit bat's response to SARS-CoV-2 adapted to human SARSCoV2 Coronavirus Disease COVID Jamaican FruitBat Bat biorxivpreprint ColoradoStateU UW Penn
By Neha MathurFeb 15 2023Reviewed by Danielle Ellis, B.Sc. They pursued evidence of how bats use their innate and adaptive immunity to engage SARS-CoV-2 or other coronaviruses , although they do not have apparent clinical symptoms.
It is unlikely that the ancestral SARS-CoV will ever be discovered because it has either become extinct, mutated or recombined with other sarbecoviruses. This also suggests that the initial Wuhan isolates of SARS-CoV-2 might behave differently in Jamaican fruit bats. Next, the team intranasally inoculated bats with 105 median tissue culture infectious doses of the virus. They held bats in a contralateral position to ensure delivery to the lungs and gastrointestinal tracts. Later, they collected their oral and rectal swabs on days two, four, seven, 10, 14, and 21 post-inoculation for viral ribonucleic acid detection by quantitative polymerase chain reaction .
Twelve days later, they euthanized these animals to collect spleens for the activation-induced marker test. This test uses a CD154 biomarker that identifies rare helper T cells reactive to antigen by flow cytometry . The rarity of these cells makes the assessment of ex vivo T cell responses challenging. Furthermore, the team also determined that a cluster of differentiation 4 + Th cells responded to SARS-CoV-2 infection in the hACE2-transduced bats.
Perhaps, the Ajk cells lacked transmembrane serine protease 2 that facilitates SARS-CoV-2 entrance through the plasma membrane. It is also possible that Adv transduction activated antiviral pathways in these cells that delimited SARS-CoV-2 replication. Another possibility is that SARS-CoV-2 infected cells via cathepsin L facilitate the endosomal evasion of the genomic RNA .
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