Some tsunami-generating earthquakes are invisible to our monitoring systems.
The researchers were able to retrieve the third quake's signal from the tangle of seismic waves by chopping up the data into longer, 500-second chunks and using an algorithm to tease out its constituent parts. Only then did the 200-second quake, which Jia said made up 70% of the energy released during the entire event, appear. The hidden quake, which ruptured a 125-mile-long interface between two plates, took place just 9.
The researchers say that the earthquake stayed hidden because it was a hybrid between two types of ocean earthquakes, the"deep rupture" type that results from a sudden slipping of plates, and a"slow tsunamigenic slip" created by a much slower, sometimes weeks-long grinding of one plate against another.
In fact, most earthquake and tsunami warning systems tend to focus on tracking the short to medium periods of seismological waves, leaving waves with longer periods, which are still capable of generating life-threatening tsunamis, buried inside the data, Jia said.
"With these complex earthquakes, the earthquake happens and we think, 'Oh, that wasn't so big, we don't have to worry.' And then the tsunami hits and causes a lot of damage," Judith Hubbard, a geologist at the Earth Observatory of Singapore who was not involved in the study, said in the statement."This study is a great example of how we can understand how these events work, and how we can detect them faster so we can have more warning in the future.
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