🔄FROM THE ARCHIVE Research has found that there are more psychopaths among CEOs than in the average population. What does neuroscience know about their brains?
Psychopaths aren’t psychotic, that is, suffering from psychosis, which involves symptoms like delusions, hallucinations, incoherence and otherwise losing touch with reality. Though the root of the words is the same, those two conditions aren’t related.
These two extremes can be related, in part, to dysfunction in the amygdala. The amygdala is a brain structure responsible for fear, anxiety and stress responses. In some psychopaths, these responses are ramped way down, leading to increased risk-taking and immunity to stress. But in others, the amygdala is ramped up, leading to an overreactive stress response that results in aggressive behaviors.
Research finds that there’s a large component of these traits which are heritable, says van Dongen. And that’s where a psychopath can differ from a, according to some definitions. Many of the antisocial behaviors may be the same, but some people, including van Dongen, see sociopathic behaviors as more learned, for example, if someone has been maltreated in their past.“Most people would say you cannot help them,” van Dongen explains.
Intervention attempts targeting empathy, specifically, are also tricky. Years ago, van Dongen says, people thought trying to teach a psychopath how to be empathetic might actually make them more dangerous — that it might just teach them how to better manipulate other people. Now, though, it seems that’s not really the case. Still, “teaching” empathy is challenging — if it's even possible.
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