Neurons stochastically generated up to eight different versions of a protein regulating neurotransmitter release, which could vary how they communicate with other cells.
Neurons are talkers. They each communicate with fellow neurons, muscles or other cells by releasing neurotransmitter chemicals at"synapse" junctions, ultimately producing functions ranging from emotions to motions. But even neurons of the exact same type can vary in their conversational style. A new study inby neurobiologists at The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory highlights a molecular mechanism that might help account for the nuanced diversity of neural discourse.
In the new study from Littleton's team, led by former graduate student Elizabeth Brija, the lab investigated whether RNA editing of Complexin 7A affects how it regulates glutamate release. What she discovered was surprising. Not only does RNA editing of Complexin 7A have a significant impact on how well the protein prevents glutamate release, but also this can vary widely among individual neurons because they can stochastically mix and match up to eight different editions of the protein.
Moreover, Littleton and Brija's team found that other key proteins involved in synaptic glutamate release, such as Synapsin and Syx1A, are also sometimes edited at quite different levels among the same population of neurons. This suggests that other aspects of synaptic communication might also be tunable.
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