In-Depth: Why omicron alters smell less frequently

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In-Depth: Why omicron alters smell less frequently
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New studies reveal loss of taste and smell are much less prevalent with omicron.

SAN DIEGO – Loss of taste or smell were hallmarks of COVID infection throughout most of the pandemic, but new studies reveal the symptoms are much less prevalent with omicron.

In January, health officials in the United Kingdom released data suggesting these symptoms were even rarer: 13 percent of people infected with omicron experienced loss of smell or taste compared to 34 percent of delta cases.There are at least three ways that SARS-CoV-2 can cause changes in smell, but one of the leading theories is that the virus can infect the olfactory nerve that conveys smells from the nose to the brain.

Scientists have learned that omicron and delta use different molecular pathways to invade cells, making certain parts of the body more susceptible to one variant over the other. Delta specializes in attaching to cells with a molecule called TMPRSS2, which is plentiful in cells in the olfactory nerve. This molecule acts like a pair of scissors, and delta’s spike protein is easy to cut. Once sliced in half, delta’s spike can easily slide inside the cell and hijack it.“If you can’t cut it up, it becomes very clunky and clumsy and is much less likely to infect that particular olfactory cell,” said UC San Francisco’s Dr. Peter Chin-Hong.

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