Rutgers University scientists believe there might be many more Earth-like exoplanets with liquid water.
For this new study, the team analyzed planets that orbit stars called M-dwarfs. These stars are far smaller and cooler than our Sun. Moreover, M-dwarfs are commonly found in our galaxy.Following the identification of a suitable star candidate, the team developed a computer model to investigate the possibility of creating and maintaining liquid water on exoplanets. The model included the parameter of heat generated within the planet for the water to remain liquid.
“The new model shows that if the conditions are right, this could approach 1 planet [with liquid water] per star. So we are a hundred times more likely to find liquid water than we thought. There are around 100 billion stars in the Milky Way Galaxy. That represents really good odds for the origin of life elsewhere in the universe,” explained Ojha.
The scientists speculate that a similar scenario might allow for the existence of subsurface liquid water in Saturn's or Jupiter's frozen moons. The continual interior churning caused by the gravitational influences of the big planets they orbit might heat up the interior under their frozen surface. “This is similar to the effect of our Moon on tides but much stronger. This makes the moons of Jupiter and Saturn prime candidates for finding life in our Solar System and many future missions have been planned to explore these bodies,” added Ojha.Liquid water is a critical component of habitability. However, the production and stability of surficial liquid water can be challenging on planets outside the Habitable Zone and devoid of adequate greenhouse warming.
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