Defending Darwinism from both clerical and scientific opponents, T. H. Huxley and his grandson Julian shaped how we think about the past and future of our species.
. In a public lecture for the Royal Institution, he not only defended “The Origin” but also explored its most sacrilegious implication: our kinship with apes.Still, he expected a confrontation with the Bishop to be trickier. Huxley later recalled that Wilberforce “had the reputation of being a first-class controversialist.” He could hardly “see the good of giving up some peace and quietness to be episcopally pounded.” But peer pressure got to him.
By this point, Huxley had eclipsed his upbringing. Born in 1825 and brought up in a lower-middle-class family, he received just two years of formal education before apprenticing to his rambunctious, opium-chewing brother-in-law, the doctor John Cooke. After pursuing more medical training, he was assigned to the Royal Navy’s H.M.S. Rattlesnake as an assistant surgeon. The ship’s voyage to Australia and New Guinea, which lasted four years, revealed Huxley’s talents in natural history.
Bashford focusses her chronicle on the two most evolutionarily minded Huxleys: Thomas Henry and his grandson Julian. The eldest child of Huxley’s son Leonard—himself a notable writer and magazine editor—Julian enjoyed not one but two illustrious bloodlines. His mother, Julia, came from the Arnold family, a clan famed for its writers and scholars. After Julia’s untimely death, in 1908, her sister, the best-selling novelist Mrs.
Thomas Henry died in 1895, days after Julian turned eight. But, as an adult, too, Julian took after his grandfather. Both men were moral, extroverted, sometimes tortured, and sometimes arrogant. They were also ambitious synthesizers, wildly successful storytellers, and agnostic materialists dazzled by the expansiveness of nature. They were so alike that Bashford says they can even be thought of as “one very long-lived man, 1825–1975.
” , which reanimated the program. “The death of Darwinism has been proclaimed not only from the pulpit, but from the biological laboratory,” Julian wrote, but he meant to show that Darwinism was “very much alive.” The book—notable for its breadth, its clarity, and its literary flair—articulated a new vision of evolutionary theory, reconciling natural selection with insights from a slew of subdisciplines, including genetics, paleontology, and cell biology.
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