Our brains are master generators of things that only exist inside our heads. Neuroscientists studying unique mental states say these processes tell us a lot about how our minds work.
Imagine for a moment that the world surrounding your screen is mostly the same, but feels slightly off. In this world, things appear suddenly with little or no context — like an emerging sound of a man yelling that starts out as a faint, ephemeral whisper before it swells louder and louder. Just as you’ve traced the voice to some guy you haven’t seen since high school, you suddenly feel as if you’re drifting upward, closer and closer to the surface of your original world.
Judy Ford, a neuroscientist at the University of California San Francisco and the San Francisco VA Medical Centersays these kinds of experiences are common and normal while waking up, when it’s difficult to establish the boundaries of our reality. It’s especially hard because our brains are so good at creating, in a sense, alternate realities in our mind.
For many years, Ford’s lab has studied one hypothesis that hallucinations result from a self-monitoring failure. Ford explains that organisms across the entirety of the animal kingdom have developed ways to identify and suppress sensations coming from the self. For a tiny nematode swimming, this process means life or death — it must know if the pressure it feels is due to its own swimming, or that of an approaching predator.
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