Based on fossils and artifacts, archaeologists try to understand the differences between Neanderthals and Homo sapiens.
If you met a Neanderthal, the first thing you might notice is that your hominin cousin was a bit shorter than your average human.were both shorter and thicker than we are, so while you might beat them on the basketball court, they could probably out-arm-wrestle you. The next thing you’d probably notice is a broad and flaring nose with large nostrils. Some scientists have hypothesized this was an adaptation that allowed them to breathe cold air more easily and adapt to frigid European climates.
Something you might not notice, though it is a significant difference between us and Neanderthals, is the volume of their skull. Their brains were likelyBeyond physical differences, it’s difficult to say how Neanderthals differed from modern humans. The clues we do have come from their genome, which was sequenced fully in 2010. The ancient hominins shared about 99.7 percent of their genetic material with us — meaning they were mostly human in this regard.
This story is part of an ongoing series exploring questions about human origins. Read more about ancient humans:
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