\u0027The entire development of Canada\u0027s wheat industry, the most renowned in the world, is due mainly to a single Ukrainian grain of wheat\u0027
Perhaps you’ve heard a Red Fife origin story before, usually involving a few grains skimmed from a ship brimming with wheat at Glasgow’s docks and tucked in a hatband.Article content
That ordinary farmer was David Fife, who left Scotland in 1820 and settled in Otonabee, Peterborough County, Ont. A friend from Glasgow sent him some grains that had come in on a ship carrying winter wheat from Danzig . Unaware of the type of wheat, Fife sowed the seeds in the spring of 1842. By researching Red Fife’s bread-baking qualities, cultivation and milling, Symko argued that the single spring wheat plant Fife received “was not some mutant produced in Canada.” Rather “it belonged to a variety cultivated in the middle of Europe and was accidentally present as a single grain in this shipment of winter wheat.”, plant breeder Dr. Charles E. Saunders — “the discoverer and introducer of Marquis wheat” — also concluded that Red Fife was identical to a wheat grown in Galicia .
By 1918, Marquis occupied 80 to 90 per cent of the total wheat acreage from northern Saskatchewan to southern Nebraska, Fedak says. It established Canada as a wheat export powerhouse, fed Allied soldiers during the First World War, and drove development of the west — with railway expansion and the construction of the now iconic grain elevators dotting the prairie skyline.
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