Scientists have discovered a new way to investigate the structure of protons using neutrinos, known as ‘ghost particles.’ Neutrinos are one of the most abundant particles in our universe, but they are notoriously difficult to detect and study: they don’t have an electrical charge and have nearly
Members of the international collaboration MINERvA, including University of Rochester researchers, used a particle accelerator at Fermilab—a portion of which is shown in a stylized image above—to create a beam of neutrinos to investigate the structure of protons. The work was part of the MINERvA experiment, a particle physics experiment to study neutrinos. Credit: Reidar Hahn/Fermilab
“While we were studying neutrinos as part of the MINERvA experiment, I realized a technique I was using might be applied to investigate protons,” says Tejin Cai, the paper’s first author. Cai, who is now a postdoctoral research associate at York University, conducted the research as a PhD student of Kevin McFarland, the Dr. Steven Chu Professor in Physics at Rochester and key member of the University’s Neutrino Group.
In comparing the new technique with the old, McFarland likens the process to seeing a flower in normal, visible light and then looking at the flower under ultraviolet light. McFarland adds, “By using our new measurement to improve our understanding of these nuclear effects, we will better be able to carry out future measurements of neutrino properties.”Neutrinos are created when atomic nuclei either come together or break apart. The sun is a large source of neutrinos, which are a byproduct of the sun’s nuclear fusion. If you stand in the sunlight, for example, trillions of neutrinos will harmlessly pass through your body every second.
The MINERvA group conducted their experiments using a high-power, high-energy particle accelerator, located at Fermilab. The accelerator produces the strongest source of high-energy neutrinos on the planet.
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