The war in Ukraine has put a testy partnership under stress. On energy and defence, the conflict has exposed old disagreements
Save time by listening to our audio articles as you multitaskEmmanuel Macron and Olaf Scholz, as well as scores of their ministers and parliamentarians, will gather in Paris for a day of festivities and meetings designed to mark the resilience and richness of this cross-border tie, which has no real equivalent elsewhere within the European Union. The day will begin, symbolically, at the Sorbonne, where in 2017 a freshly elected Mr Macron first laid out his vision for a more sovereign Europe.
In truth, Russia’s war on Ukraine has “laid bare Franco-German differences, and they are struggling to find common ground,” says Tara Varma of the Brookings Institution, a think-tank. Foremost among these are defence and energy. Such differences have prompted public irritation. Mr Scholz has paid a high diplomatic price for being slow to step up for Ukraine. He is under particular pressure from European allies to send German-made Leopard 2 main battle tanks, and to enable others, notably Poland, that need German re-export permission to do so. But many in his government are galled that, although Germany has provided far more overall aid to Ukraine than France, Mr Macron has often got more credit.
On energy, too, the war has exposed old disagreements. France’s preference for nuclear power has for years rubbed up against Germany’s firm rejection of it. Germany’s reliance on cheap Russian fuel for its industry has forced a radical rethink of a strategy that kept it prosperous for the past 30 years. The pair have sparred in public over alternatives, notably an ill-fated plan to build a gas pipeline to France from Spain, which France squashed.
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