Nighttime fire intensity in the western United States has increased by 28 percent over the past two decades.
In recent decades, fires have become more intense and longer lasting amid rising temperatures linked to human-caused climate change. A key influence on their growing duration? Their increasing ability to survive the night, when temperatures typically dip and humidity rises.published Wednesday in Nature shows that a trend toward warmer and drier conditions after sundown is helping blazes withstand what should be unfavorable conditions — making fire containment more difficult for responders.
In 2017, the Tubbs Fire in Northern California burned across 36,000 acres and became the most destructive fire in the state at that time. Satellite data showed more than half of the fire detections occurred at night. Specifically, the team measured vapor pressure deficit , which essentially indicates how fast the atmosphere is sucking moisture out of vegetation and fuels. A lower deficit signifies cool and moist air, while a high deficit means the air is hot and dry and conducive to burning. The team found the daily minimum vapor pressure deficit increased by 25 percent from 1970 to 2020.
Some ecosystems were hit harder by nighttime activity than others. For instance, nighttime fire detections were dominant in temperate evergreen forests, where 38 percent of fire detections occurred at night. Cropland fires, however, mainly occurred during the daytime.
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