Stone artefacts and tooth pre-date the earliest known evidence of the species in Europe by more than 10,000 years.
Excavations at the Grotte Mandrin rock shelter uncovered stone tools, animal bones and hominin teeth.lived briefly in a rock shelter in southern France — before mysteriously vanishing.argues that distinctive stone tools and a lone child’s tooth were left byduring a short stay, some 54,000 years ago — and not by Neanderthals, who lived in the rock shelter for thousands of years before and after that time.
Most of the stone tools resemble artefacts categorized as ‘Mousterian technology’ that are found at Neanderthal sites across Eurasia, says Slimak. But one of the shelter’s archaeological levels — known as layer E and dated to between 56,800 and 51,700 years ago — contains tools such as sharpened points and small blades that are more typical of earlytechnology.
The researchers have not attempted to extract DNA from the layer E tooth to confirm whether it belongs to aor a Neanderthal. Slimak says that in an unpublished analysis, other researchers have found Neanderthal DNA in sediments older than layer E, as well as in a tooth from Grotte Mandrin’s younger layers.
But the team was unable to extract much well-preserved DNA from horse teeth found in the rock shelter, including layer E. So they have decided to hold off on the destructive process of taking samples from the layer E hominin tooth until they have access to technology that will give them a good chance of getting genetic material out intact. “This tooth is very precious. There’s some chance there’s preserved DNA in it,” Slimak says.
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