Targeting malignant tumors with high precision is challenging for biomedical researchers. However, this scenario is likely to witness a paradigm shift in the near future through the use of specially engineered bacteria that can eliminate malignant cells efficiently.
Using bacteria to target cancer cells, or bacterial therapy, can be further enhanced through genetic engineering and nanotechnology. However, its efficacy may be hindered due to technical constraints and the potential development of antibiotic resistance. Hence, it is crucial to achieve the moderate yet effective chemical modification of bacteria for improved biocompatibility and functionality, such that their medical abilities are not compromised.
Recently, certain types of purple photosynthetic bacteria have come into limelight for their potential to address the challenges of bacterial therapy. Exploring this further, researchers published a study inthat reports the use of chemically modified PPSB for detecting and eliminating hard-to-eradicate cancerous cells in a mouse model.
The study, led by Associate Professor Eijiro Miyako from the Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , selected Rhodopseudomonas palustris as the optimal bacterium for conducting the studies."RP demonstrated excellent properties, such as near-infrared fluorescence, photothermal conversion, and low cytotoxicity. It absorbs NIR light and produces free radicals—a property that can be utilized to kill cancer cells," explains Prof. Miyako.
In an attempt to improve the therapeutic efficacy of the isolated strain, the team sought chemical modifications to alter the bacterial membranes. First, they performed membrane PEGylation, or the attachment of polyethylene glycol derivatives to the bacterial cell walls. Prior research indicates that bacterial PEGylation helps in evading host
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