A Correspondence article in Respiratory Research finds that iron homeostasis is altered in the airways of preschoolers with recurrent wheezing. The addition of iron-related indices to clinical information may help in prognosis of persistent wheezing.
] was defined as ≥ 3 episodes of physician-diagnosed wheezing treated with bronchodilators or corticosteroids. Children with recurrent wheezing and chronic disease were excluded. For comparison, a group of control children that underwent bronchoscopy with BAL collation for clinical indications but without current wheezing, known sensitization to aeroallergens, or history of asthma or wheezing were also enrolled in the study.] with 0.9% sodium chloride warmed to room temperature.
was used as an internal reference. Specific primers for each gene are provided in Additional fileAll participants with recurrent wheezing were followed up by phone calls to assess episodes of doctor-diagnosed wheezing at 6 and 12 months after discharge. The main outcome of persistent wheezing [Statistical analysis). Categorical variables were expressed as percentages. All continuous variables were summarized as medians based on their nonparametric distribution assessed by the Shapiro–Wilk test.
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A systematic review of fear of falling and related constructs after hip fracture: prevalence, measurement, associations with physical function, and interventions - BMC GeriatricsBackground Hip fracture is a common and debilitating injury amongst older adults. Fear of falling (FoF) and related constructs (balance confidence and falls efficacy) may impede rehabilitation after hip fracture. An updated systematic review to synthesize existing literature on FoF after hip fracture is needed. This review focussed on four research questions: In the hip fracture population: (1) What is the prevalence of FoF?; (2) What FoF assessment tools are validated? (3) What is the relationship between FoF and physical function?; (4) What interventions are effective for reducing FoF? Methods A systematic search was undertaken in EBSCO Health, Scopus and PsychINFO in January 2021 (and updated December 2022) for articles on FoF after hip fracture. Data in relation to each research question was extracted and analysed. The quality of the studies was appraised using the ‘Risk of Bias Tool for Prevalence Studies’, ‘COSMIN Risk of Bias checklist for Patient-reported outcome measures’, modified version of the ‘Appraisal Tool for Cross-sectional studies’, and the ‘Cochrane Risk of Bias 2’ tools for each research question, respectively. Results 36 studies (37 articles) with 5099 participants were included (mean age 80.2 years and average 78% female). Prevalence rates for FoF after hip fracture ranged between 22.5% and 100%, and prevalence tended to decrease as time progressed post hip fracture. The ‘Falls Efficacy Scale – International’ (FES-I) and ‘Fear of Falling Questionnaire – Revised’ (FFQ-R) were found to be reliable, internally consistent, and valid tools in hip fracture patients. FoF after hip fracture was consistently associated with measures of physical function including balance, gait speed, composite physical performance measures and self-reported function. Ten of 14 intervention studies were considered high risk of bias. Exercise-based interventions with or without a psychological component were not effective in reducing FoF after hip fracture compared to a c
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