Does drinking 100% fruit juice reduce risk of cardiovascular disease? FruitJuices Health Polyphenols Wellness Cardiometabolic RiskFactors HealthyDiet FrontiersIn FrontNutrition
By Tarun Sai LomteJun 20 2023Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. A recent study published in Frontiers of Nutrition evaluates whether and how polyphenols in fruit juices mediate effects on cardiometabolic risk factors.
Observational studies suggest a lower risk of cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality with a higher intake of major flavonoids. Likewise, evidence from epidemiologic studies indicates that higher consumption of flavonoids, mainly from fruits, can reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and CVD incidence and mortality.
Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials analyzing the effects of the fruit juice intervention on cardiometabolic risk factors in adult populations excluding pregnant females and individuals with terminal-stage degenerative diseases. Studies were included if they used non-polyphenolic beverages as controls, reported the polyphenol content of the fruit juice, and assessed long-term effects.
Pooled results were presented as mean differences with 95% confidence intervals. Additionally, meta-regression analyses were used to estimate intervention effects, with daily polyphenol intake amount as the moderator. There were no significant effects of the intervention on biomarkers of cardiometabolic risks. Likewise, no mediating effect of total polyphenol content was observed. However, in a few sub-group analyses, a marginal protective effect of juices in reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in individuals with an increased CVD risk was observed.
A 100 mg/day increase in anthocyanins was associated with a 1.53 mg/dL decline in total cholesterol levels. There were no effects of anthocyanin-rich juices on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.
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