Cutting HFCs to cool the Earth IIASAVienna NatureClimate
, today's aircon commonly relies on chemicals called HFCs , which are very powerful greenhouse gasses. HFCs have been used to replace ozone-depleting substances, and their emissions have increased rapidly in the past two decades.
HFCs can be replaced with various gasses that have a far lower climate impact per kilogram, including ammonia, CO, and hydrocarbons such as propane. Indeed, a phase-down of HFCs is already required by international law. In 2016, these chemicals were brought into the Montreal Protocol, a treaty originally set up to curb ozone-depleting substances.
The Montreal protocol has a history of ratcheting up ambition, so the authors looked at various options for stronger HFC cuts. For example, in the existing Kigali Amendment, one group of developing nations is allowed to delay cuts by a few years because they have especially high ambient temperatures—so what if they were required to keep the same pace as other developing nations?
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