Connecting the Dots: How Network Medicine can Identify, Prevent and Treat Disease medicine networkmedicine disease diseases
Predicting causative genes of human diseaseNetwork pharmacology: applying networks to disease treatment and drug design The human interactome represents a vastly complex and daunting mesh of communication networks across cells and organs. The number of protein-coding genes stretches to around 25,000, and the number of functionally critical relationships is expected to surpass 100,000.
Basic components of network medicine Modules represent clusters of components, or nodes, within a network region showing high levels of linkage and connectivity. These components are often the subject of disease gene identification and drug design, given their significance to disease-related phenotypes. These modules can often comprise small groupings of highly interacting nodes, called hubs, which tend to be controlled by essential genes.
Linkage-based methods to causative gene identification operate under the assumption that disease phenotypes will be associated with the disease protein and its interactors. Implementing this into network modeling can lead to 1,000-fold enrichment over the random selection and has directly informed the association of Janus kinase 3 with severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome.
Application of network medicine to disease classification and identification The classification of human diseases has traditionally relied on a combination of prior knowledge of clinical manifestations and correlations with clinical observations. This approach has been deemed insufficient in many respects, including its limited ability to distinguish resolutely between conditions and the inability to diagnose those at the preclinical stage reliably.
Network pharmacology: applying networks to disease treatment and drug design Due to the aforementioned complexity of human diseases and drug mechanisms of action, the application of network medicine to drug discovery and design has the potential to inform investigative efforts and tailor drugs to specific diseases.
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