The first complete picture of Arctic seaice freeze-thaw cycle highlights sea ice response to climate change
Seasonal thermodynamic freezing and thawing processes are crucial to controlling the mass budget of the cryosphere . In the Arctic Ocean, the presence of sea ice greatly modifies the exchanges of heat, momentum, and mass between the atmosphere and the ocean. The timings of the sea ice melt and freeze onsets, as well as the length of the melt and freeze seasons, play a key role in the heat budget of the atmosphere–ice–ocean system.
The freeze–thaw cycle at the bottom of sea ice is much different from that at the ice surface due to the additional regulation of the heat balance by the heat flux from the ocean . In the Beaufort Gyre region, the amount of summer sea ice basal melt is generally comparable to or even larger than the surface melt .
Another method to identify the sea ice freeze–thaw cycle is using data provided by upward-looking sonars , which are usually deployed at the top of moorings in fixed geographic locations, measuring the submerged portion of the sea ice . The ice draft can be converted to total sea ice thickness using an assumed ratio of ocean to ice densities and also taking snow depth atop the ice into account .
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