Removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is essential to meet the Paris Agreement’s looming climate targets, according to a major report from the United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
It’s all but impossible to achieve net-zero carbon emissions—the key to halting global warming—without sucking massive amounts of greenhouse gases out of the atmosphere using trees, technology and other carbon sinks, the report says.If the world relies too heavily on carbon removal, society runs the risk of overshooting the Paris targets—and experiencing increasingly severe climate impacts.
The report is the final installment in a three-part climate assessment from the IPCC. While the first two sections focused on the science of climate change and its effects on the planet, the last installment outlines the steps that human societies can take to cut greenhouse gas emissions and halt global warming.
The report explores a wide range of actions the world can take to make this happen. Emissions must fall swiftly across all sectors of human society, including energy, transportation, buildings, industry and land use. At the same time, some policy experts have warned that relying too much on the concept of negative emissions could have a dangerous side effect. They say it could lull policymakers into the false belief that reducing emissions today is less urgent than it actually is—that they can always overshoot the Paris climate targets and bring temperatures back down later.
At the same time, scientists are acknowledging that at least a small level of overshoot is increasingly likely when it comes to the 1.5 C target.“It is almost inevitable that we will at least temporarily overshoot 1.5,” Jim Skea, an energy expert at Imperial College London and co-chair of the IPCC working group that prepared the report, said in a virtual presentation of the new report yesterday.
In other words, the future role of carbon dioxide removal largely depends on the world’s actions over the next 10 years. Deep and rapid emissions cuts today mean less reliance on carbon removal in the future.
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