Before starting those New Year's health resolutions, you should know the risks and benefits of restricting calories.
to calories because we’ve evolved to retain energy during famine, says UCLA Fielding School of Public Health professor Dana Ellis Hunnes, a registered dietician. When humans face starvation or extreme calorie restriction, their bodies lower their metabolic rate, decreasing the number of calories burned at rest.
Churchill’s lab experimented with two strategies with genetically identical mice. In one, he and his colleagues implemented various forms of calorie restriction, sometimes cutting back a little bit of food, sometimes more. Other studies involved subjecting the mice to intermittent fasting, in which the researchers took away their food for one or two days a week. For mice, one day without food is equivalent to four days of fasting for humans, Churchill says.
There’s no question that calorie restriction can help most overweight and obese people lose weight, he says, and that lowering weight to a healthy range lowers age-related risk factors for cancer, type 2 diabetes, heart and kidney disease and dementia. The average diet in wealthy countries lacks sufficient nutrients. So when people eat acompared to the average diet, they’re better, Kaeberlein adds. “Are they slowing aging? Increasing longevity? It depends on what you compare them to.
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