Heavy alcohol consumption creates a vicious cycle by altering signaling pathways in the brain, affecting cognitive functions and increasing the likelihood of further drinking. A study published in the journal Brain, Behavior and Immunity suggests that the brain's immune system might be involved in t
Compared to mice with moderate or no alcohol consumption, alcohol-dependent mice had twice as many cells producing the immune signaling molecule in their medial prefrontal cortex, a part of the brain that plays a role in regulating cognitive function.
You can think of the neuroimmune system as a specialized immune system just for the brain, Varodayan explained. Just like our peripheral immune system, it works to eliminate pathogens and promote proper healing after injury. In addition to those features, it also plays a role in healthy brain function.
Here’s how it works: When the neuroimmune system responds to a pathogen or injury, it first releases neuroimmune factor IL-1ß, which triggers a quick, transient inflammatory response. This response is intended to resolve the injury or eliminate the pathogen, she explained. The neuroimmune system releases a second wave of anti-inflammatory factors to promote healing of affected brain cells.
Scientists hypothesize that the effects of heavy alcohol on neuroimmune signaling are linked to the cognitive decline seen in individuals with AUD. This research could potentially lead to improved treatment for substance abuse. Drugs that block the activity of IL-1ß are already approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to treat rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory conditions.
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