Ask any neurologist and they'll tell you: Parkinson's disease is a disorder of the brain. The unmistakable signs of this ailment, such as involuntary shaking, reduced movement speed, and the sensation of one's feet being glued to the floor, originate from the loss of neurons in a brain area responsi
An autoimmune reaction in mice to a protein associated with Parkinson’s disease damaged neurons in the GI tract, adding to evidence that the disease may get its start in the gut. Credit: David Sulzer, Columbia University Irving Medical Center
“If this is the beginning of Parkinson’s in many people, we could potentially identify who has the disease before it ever reaches the brain and hopefully stop it in its tracks,” Sulzer says. The new findings were recently published in the journalThe gut-first theory of Parkinson’s, originally proposed 20 years ago, started to intrigue Sulzer after his own research pointed toward the role of an autoimmune response in Parkinson’s.
The gut was an intriguing possibility because it contains the same neurons and because most Parkinson’s patients experience constipation years before brain symptoms emerge and the disease is diagnosed. To pursue this hypothesis, Sulzer teamed up with Agalliu, a neuroimmunologist with expertise in mouse models of another neurological disorder that has autoimmune features.
The findings also raise the possibility that early detection—and then interruption—of an immune response in the gut could prevent a later attack on the brain’s neurons and stop Parkinson’s in its tracks.Right now, though, it’s not clear how big a role the immune system plays in the Parkinson’s brain. The answer to that question may become clearer if the researchers find out why the brains of their mice did not develop any signs of Parkinson’s.
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