From causing miscarriages in Palestine to killing protesters in the US, here's a surprising history of teargas, a weapon banned in wars but embraced for policing
that teargas featured prominently in three contexts: in colonial settings, for imperial authorities to control political dissent and disturbances; as a tactical weapon, used most notably by the US in the Vietnam War; and as a technology for civil policing and domestic riot control.
In 1922, Churchill had permitted the supply of teargas to the pro-treaty forces in Ireland, to control the “Irish Civil War”. In India, one of the first teargas experiments took place in the Ferozepore District of Punjab, in 1934: police had fired several cartridges of teargas into a house where two criminals were hiding.
By 1959, Porton Down had determined CS to be capable of causing permanent damage to humans, but British police continued to use it in the colonies until 1965. Even though the Hague Peace Conferences of 1899 and 1907 marked the beginnings of the 20th-century chemical weapons taboo, and several nations signed international agreements pertaining to the prohibition of chemical weapons—the Washington Treaty of 1922, the Geneva Protocol of 1925—teargas was classified as distinct and unique, but not categorically banned.
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