In 1974 just 9% of Bangladeshis lived in towns or cities. Today 37% of the country’s 170m people do
, residential developments, clinics and universities—the mayor of Mongla’s ideas for his town’s expansion seem a bit ambitious. Mongla has a mere 40,000 people; his office is in a crumbling building hemmed in by forest. But in five years, Zulfikar Ali insists, Mongla will be a regional economic hub, accommodating thousands of migrants drawn by rapid industrialisation and pushed by the loss of agricultural land to the rising sea. “I want to be ready,” he says.
But growth has come at a price. According to an index compiled by the Economist Intelligence Unit, a sister company to, Dhaka, notorious for traffic jams and pollution, is the world’s third-least liveable city. Some 60% of residents live in makeshift structures, according to the Centre for Urban Studies , another think-tank. Many of these slum-dwellers lack access to clean water and sanitation and are at constant risk of eviction.
These problems stem from a combination of too much centralisation and too little urban planning, says Nazrul Islam of. The government was taken unawares by the rapid growth of the garment industry. There was no effort to provide low-cost housing or services, he laments.
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