Art Rupe, Specialty Records Founder Who Helped Shape Rock Music, Dead at 104

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Art Rupe, Specialty Records Founder Who Helped Shape Rock Music, Dead at 104
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Art Rupe, the Rock Hall-inducted Specialty Records founder who helped shape rock music by releasing classics by Little Richard and Lloyd Price, has died at 104

Rupe, born Arthur Goldberg on September 5, 1917, grew up in the suburbs outside Pittsburgh. “Growing up in an ethnically and racially diverse neighborhood in McKeesport, Rupe had developed a keen interest in Rhythm ‘n’ Blues and Gospel music,” the foundation said. “He therefore chose to specialize in what was then called ‘race records,’ music made by and for African-Americans.”

During World War II, Rupe worked on an engineering crew testing Liberty ships in Los Angeles; following the war, Rupe remained in the city, first trying to break into Hollywood,, and then the music industry. In 1944, Rupe co-founded Juke Box Records — which released the Sepia Tones’ regional hit “Boogie #1” — before parting ways with that label and founding his own, Specialty Records, in 1946.

After first focusing on gospel and blues — including Joe Liggins’ Number One hit “Pink Champagne” in 1950 — Specialty began focusing on “race records” that appealed to both blacks and whites: Inspired by Fats Domino’s success, Rupe traveled to New Orleans and discovered the 17-year-old Lloyd Price; in addition to his own hits on Specialty, it was Price who also recommended that Little Richard send demos to the label, with Specialty allowing Richard to buy himself out of a previous contract.

Despite a handful of Number One hits, Specialty struggled in the mid-Fifties until the arrival of “Tutti Frutti,” an off-the-cuff risque ditty that was transformed — with the help of Specialty’s go-to producer Robert “Bumps” Blackwell — into a platinum smash and rock n’ roll classic.

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