California has the most Hispanic Serving Institutions (HSIs among its colleges of any state. But how well are HSIs actually serving Latino students? It’s a mixed bag, students and advocates say.
As a senior in high school, Ashley Chetla hoped to find a college where she felt supported – not only as a student, but as a Latina. Chetla enrolled at Cal State Los Angeles, drawn to the university’s status as a Hispanic Serving Institution.
There were 174 Hispanic Serving Institutions in California as of the 2020-21 school year, more than in any other state. The, first recognized in the Higher Education Act of 1992, allows colleges and universities to apply for federal grants supporting students in areas from financial literacy to academic counseling. The status is purely numbers-based; HSIs must enroll an undergraduate population that is at least 25% Hispanic and have a high proportion of low-income students.
, a nonprofit organization dedicated to supporting Latino students in higher education. Yet inequalities in educational attainment persist, with only 13% of Latino adults in California holding a bachelor’s degree compared to the statewide average of 34%.Ashley Chetla, who is majoring in sociology and minoring in psychology, at Cal State Los Angeles on Oct. 25, 2022.
Lisa Rodriguez, acting director of professional and organizational development at Mt. San Antonio College in Walnut, said some HSI grants are simply intended to strengthen institutions, creating confusion on which populations the funding should serve. Latino students make up nearly 76% of the undergraduate student population at Cal State LA, which has met both HSI eligibility criteria since 2001. But the responsibility often falls on professors to seek out outside funding and develop initiatives welcoming Latino students in the classroom, said Valerie Talavera-Bustillos, a professor of Chicana/o and Latina/o Studies and the equity coordinator of the College of Ethnic Studies.
“Their website and all that is all for promoting diversity,” Chetla said. “They have that diversity, but they don’t know how to target each group.” “We believe that when an individual can experience something like being in the field and being immersed in nature … outside of the confines of the university, that this impacts individuals who want to change the community,” Vellanoweth said.At the University of California, change is also underway. In 2018, the UCits Hispanic-Serving Institutions Initiative, an effort to designate all nine of its undergraduate campuses as HSIs.
“ seems to be a topic that is getting ever more loud at the university. We’re increasing visibility, we’re funding things that we didn’t fund before, and all of that is great,” Guerrero Jr. said. “But there seems to be a disconnect between the message that we have around the vision and how we’re acting at the nitty gritty and the nuanced spaces.”
Luis Soto, a fifth-year urban studies student at UC Irvine, said he initially failed to realize that he attended a HSI because he saw so few Latinos on campus in his first year. He has only received instruction from two Latino professors over the past five years. Since the program’s start in 2011, the college’s Latino population has risen from one third of students to more than 50%, Ramesh said. In 2019, Excelencia in Education deemed the program an ‘Example of Excelencia’ – a designation that honors evidence-based projects supporting Latino college students.
The California HSI Alliance supports aspiring Latino professors by pairing doctoral students at the UC with Cal State professors and mentors. Funded by the National Science Foundation, the partnership is open to all minority students, but the goal is to prepare a new generation of educators to teach at HSIs.
“This isn’t just capturing what they’ve done, it’s also capturing where they’re trying to go,” Santiago said. “What we’re assessing is not if they’re perfect, but can we assess intentionality.”
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