Archaeologists Unearth Earliest Evidence of Multi-Cropping archaeology science
in Mesopotamia, identified using phytoliths in dung-rich sediments from Khani Masi, a mid-second millennium BCE site located in northern Iraq.Multi-cropping — the seasonally sequential production of multiple crops on the same land in the same year — is an agricultural technique aimed at diversifying and intensifying economic and subsistence-based food, fodder, and forage production.
Despite some textual sources suggesting millet cultivation as early as the third millennium BCE, the absence of robust archaeobotanical evidence for millet in semi-arid Mesopotamia has led most archaeologists to conclude that millet was only grown in the region after the mid-first millennium BCE introduction of massive, state-sponsored irrigation systems.
“The presence of this East Asian crop in ancient Iraq highlights the interconnected nature of Eurasia during this time, contributing to our knowledge of early food globalization,” Dr. Laugier said. “Until now, we thought that millet wasn’t grown in Iraq until the construction of later first millennium BCE imperial irrigation systems,” the researchers said.
The new study is also part of growing archaeological research showing that in the past, agricultural innovation was a local initiative, adopted as part of local diversification strategies long before they were used in imperial agricultural intensification regimes — new information that could have an impact on how agricultural innovations move forward today.
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