For most people, they are only slightly more effective than a placebo, and can often induce dependency or inflict unwelcome side-effects
10% of Western adults take antidepressants, making them one of the world’s most popular types of drugs. On the surface, their prevalence seems hard to reconcile with the underwhelming evidence of their utility. .
By contrast, the results of 23 trials of these drugs that went unpublished painted a grim picture. Just one had anIn 2022 thein 1979-2016. It found that placebos replicated most of the pills’ benefits. Among mildly depressed patients, who began trials with scores of 13-17 on the widely used Hamilton Rating Scale of Depression, those who got the drugs improved by 7.1 points. People given a placebo saw depression decline by 6.1 points, a one-point gap.
The authors managed to reproduce this pattern by dividing patients into groups that saw big, moderate or negligible improvements, each with its own bell-shaped distribution. They estimated that for 15% of people antidepressants provided large benefits independent of the placebo effect.
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