Research has been exploring how the eye may help in diagnosing Alzheimer's disease before symptoms begin. The disease is well advanced by the time memory and behavior are affected.
"The eye is the window into the brain," said ophthalmologist Dr. Christine Greer, director of medical education at the Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases in Boca Raton, Florida. "You can see directly into the nervous system by looking into the back of the eye, toward the optic nerve and retina."
If doctors are able to identify the disease in its earliest stages, people could then make healthy lifestyle choices and control their "modifiable risk factors, like high blood pressure, high cholesterol and diabetes," Isaacson said,Just how early can we see signs of cognitive decline? To find out, a recent study examined donated tissue from the retina and brains of 86 people with different degrees of mental decline.
Investigators in the study collected retinal and brain tissue samples over 14 years from 86 human donors with Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment — the largest group of retinal samples ever studied, according to the authors. "Markers of inflammation were found, which may be an equally important marker for disease progression," said Isaacson, who was not involved in the study.
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