Outdoor air pollution may raise the risk for non-lung cancer in older adults, with even low levels of air pollution exposure increasing the chances for prostate, colorectal, breast, and endometrial cancers. Researchers analyzed data from Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 or older, collected from 2000 to 2016, and found a correlation between air pollution and increased risk for these types of cancers.
Researchers in the study looked at data from Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 or older, collected from 2000 to 2016. All subjects were cancer-free for at least the initial 10 years of the study period.
The scientists were then able to create a predictive map of PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations across the country. This was then linked to beneficiaries’ ZIP codes, so the researchers could estimate individual exposures over a 10-year period. For breast cancer, NO2 exposure was tied to a lower risk, while the association for PM2.5 was inconclusive. In regions where air pollution levels were significantly below national standards and the composition of PM2.5 remained stable, their effect on breast cancer risk was more pronounced.
The researchers noted that even communities with seemingly clean air were not immune to cancer risk. They found substantial associations between exposure to the two pollutants and the risks of all four cancers even at pollution levels below newly updated World Health Organization guidelines.
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