We know that air pollution is bad for our lungs and heart, but now advisers to the UK government say it can also be linked to dementia and cognitive decline in older people
, the group said that after reviewing nearly 70 studies it had concluded the evidence now suggested an association between exposure to air pollutants and “an acceleration of the decline in cognitive function often associated with ageing, and with the risk of developing dementia.
The committee said that it couldn’t put a number on how many older people had seen a mental decline linked to air pollution, largely due to a scarcity of investigative studies that might provide causal evidence. However, Kelly says thatindicated roughly 60,000 of the 209,600 new cases of dementia in the UK each year could be due to poor air quality.
The report identifies three main mechanisms for how air pollution could be accelerating mental declines. Chief among these is the damage done to blood vessels by tiny particulate matter, which can affect blood supply to the brain: dementia can result from a reduction in blood supply to brain cells. There are a number of human, as well as animal, studies showing the effect pollution can have on blood vessels.
More tentative explanations include the brain’s immunological system being activated by exposure to pollution and the very smallest particles directly reaching the brain via the nasal passage and the nerve cells that give our sense of smell, the olfactory bulb. The evidence for these other two mechanisms is slimmer, and the committee has much higher confidence in the blood vessel one, says Kelly.
Stefan Reis at the UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology says: “The findings of COMEAP are not surprising, but add further weight to the understanding that air pollution health impacts are much wider and likely more profoundly affecting public health beyond the traditionally known immediate effects.”newsletter that gives you the health, diet and fitness news you can trust, every Saturday
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