Harnessing Earth's salty seas to tackle water scarcity.
is a general term for methods used to remove salt content from water sources such as seawater or salty groundwater. Desalination processes can be split into two groups: thermal or membrane-based, with the latter being the primary choice. However, membrane technologies such as reverse osmosis have rapidly developed since the 60s, and new pilot plant installations have even surpassed the performance of thermal processes.
With the disastrous effects of unsustainable energy use on Earth's climate in mind, the new aluminum-based biporous membranes show the potential to offer some relief. The approach is the first attempt to reveal the possibility of designing a distillation membrane capable of purifying water with a negligible trans-membrane temperature difference on both theoretical and experimental levels.
The present research employs the concept of the capillary effect on water vapor pressure at the curved water-air interface of the pores in the hydrophobic active layer. The vapor pressure at a curved surface in a small pore is higher than with a flat surface. The increased vapor pressure results in a higher evaporation rate towards the hydrophilic layer of larger pores. Thus efficient evaporation can be achieved while also keeping both the saline and desalinated waters at ambient temperatures.
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