A technological breakthrough may make it much easier to see and measure the quantum realm of particles and waves
Nobel Prize-winning physicist Frank Wilczek explores the secrets of the cosmos. Read previous columnsA couple of weeks ago I got a nice surprise from a news story on a physics website headlined “The Experimental Realization of Quantum Overlapping Tomography.” It reported on breakthrough work by Zhengning Yang and colleagues at Nanyang Technical University, who implemented a technique suggested by Jordan Cotler and me in 2020.
Let’s look at the Q first. A good quantum picture needs a very large canvas, even when it’s depicting something very small. For example, the wave functions for systems of two to five electrons exist in spaces ranging from six to 15 dimensions. This puts physicists in a peculiar situation. We know what the relevant equations are, but using current supercomputers we can only solve them very approximately.
The problem of reading quantum wave function information is something like the challenge posed by games like Wordle and Mastermind. In those games, you make multiple queries and get back only partial information from each one. But now imagine that the Wordle contains thousands of characters or the Mastermind template thousands of pegs and dozens of colors.
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