Scientists analyzed more than half a million brain cells from three human brains to identify previously unknown brain cell subtypes. Their research paves the way for understanding how certain brain cell types go awry in brain disorders and diseases.
Salk Institute researchers, as part of a larger collaboration with research teams around the world, analyzed more than half a million brain cells from three human brains to assemble an atlas of hundreds of cell types that make up a human brain in unprecedented detail.on October 13, 2023, is the first time that techniques to identify brain cell subtypes originally developed and applied in mice have been applied to human brains.
Every cell in a human brain contains the same sequence of DNA, but in different cell types different genes are copied onto strands of RNA for use as protein blueprints. This ultimate variation in which proteins are found in which cells -- and at what levels -- allows the vast diversity in types of brain cells and the complexity of the brain.
At the same time, the researchers also used a second technique, which analyzed the three-dimensional structure of DNA molecules in each cell to get additional information about what DNA sequences are being actively used. Areas of DNA that are exposed are more likely to be accessed by cells than stretches of DNA that are tightly folded up.
"The potential to find unique cell types in humans that we don't see in mice is really exciting," says Wei Tian, co-first author of the new paper and a staff scientist in Ecker's lab."We've made amazing progress but there are always more questions to ask." Other authors of the paper are Anna Bartlett, Qiurui Zeng, Hanqing Liu, Rosa G. Castanon, Mia Kenworthy, Jordan Altshul, Cynthia Valadon, Andrew Aldridge, Joseph R. Nery, Huaming Chen, Jiaying Xu, Nicholas D. Johnson, Jacinta Lucero, Julia K.
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