2,500-year-old poop from Jerusalem toilets contain oldest evidence of dysentery parasite

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2,500-year-old poop from Jerusalem toilets contain oldest evidence of dysentery parasite
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A fecal analysis from two toilets dating to biblical times in Jerusalem has revealed the oldest evidence yet of the parasite that causes dysentery.

By analyzing poop from biblical-era toilets in Jerusalem, archaeologists have discovered the oldest known evidence of a tiny parasite that causes"traveler's diarrhea," a new study finds.

The researchers discovered evidence of G. duodenalis under stone toilet seats previously found at two large sites that were likely elite residences dating to the seventh to sixth centuries B.C. The stone blocks had a curved surface for sitting, a large central hole for defecating, and a smaller hole that was possibly for urination, and were situated above a cesspit.

To investigate, a team of researchers from the University of Cambridge, Tel Aviv University and the Israel Antiquities Authority proved that they could identify the presence of the diarrhea-causing parasite using a technique called ELISA , which can detect the antigens — substances that trigger human immune responses — made by several different organisms.

"We cannot tell the number of people infected based on sediment samples from communal latrines," study lead author Dr. Piers Mitchell, who specializes in paleo-parasite research at the University of Cambridge, told Live Science in an email."It is possible the toilets may have been used by family and staff, but that is merely a possibility, as no records survive describing that sort of social etiquette.

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